Self-harm is usually a way of coping with overwhelming emotions. It is a sign of distress that needs care, not punishment.
Every episode should be taken seriously and assessed by a professional.
Key concepts
- Stay calm; anger increases secrecy
- Treat physical injuries first
- Therapy teaches safer ways to manage emotions
Symptoms and signs
- Unexplained cuts, burns or bruises
- Long sleeves in hot weather, hiding the body
- Withdrawal, low mood, secrecy about the phone
Causes
- Depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation
- Bullying, relationship problems, academic pressure
- Abuse or trauma
Risk factors
- Previous self-harm
- Exposure to self-harm content online
- Substance use
Evidence-based management
- Say: 'I am glad you told me; we will get help together'
- Secure medicines and sharp objects at home
- Arrange a mental health assessment within days
- Therapy (CBT, DBT skills) and family support
When to seek professional help
- Any overdose or serious injury — emergency now (112)
- Talk of suicide or a plan — same day
- Tele-MANAS 14416 is available 24×7
Frequently asked questions
Is self-harm attention-seeking?
It is a sign of real distress; even if it is a way of communicating, it needs a caring response.
Should I check my teen's body regularly?
Agree a safety plan with your teen and therapist instead; intrusive checking can damage trust.
Medical references
Guidelines and official sources used for this article.
- Self-harm: assessment, management and preventing recurrence (NG225). NICE, UK, 2022.
- Mental health of adolescents — fact sheet. World Health Organization.
- Tele-MANAS — National Tele Mental Health Programme. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
- Author
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
- Medical reviewer
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MD Psychiatry
- Last reviewed
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice.
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