Autism affects social communication and behaviour. Signs often appear before age 2–3.
Early assessment and therapy improve communication and independence.
Key concepts
- Autism is a spectrum — every child is different
- It is not caused by vaccines or parenting
- Early intervention matters more than a label
Symptoms and signs
- Not responding to name by about 12 months
- Little pointing, showing or eye contact
- Repetitive movements, lining up toys, strong reactions to sounds
Causes
- Genetic and early brain development factors
- Not caused by screen time alone or by vaccines
- Higher rates in siblings of autistic children
Risk factors
- Sibling with autism
- Premature birth
- Older parental age
Evidence-based management
- Hearing test and developmental assessment
- Speech, occupational and behavioural therapy
- Parent-led communication strategies at home
- Medicines only for specific problems such as severe irritability or sleep
When to seek professional help
- Loss of words or social skills at any age — urgent assessment
- No words by 16–18 months
- Parents can book a consultation first to discuss concerns before involving the child
Frequently asked questions
Can autism be cured?
Autism is lifelong, but therapy helps children communicate, learn and live more independently.
Is too much mobile the cause?
Screens do not cause autism, but limiting screens and increasing interaction helps all young children.
Medical references
Guidelines and official sources used for this article.
- Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: recognition, referral and diagnosis (CG128). NICE, UK, 2011.
- Autism — fact sheet. World Health Organization.
- ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. World Health Organization.
- Author
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
- Medical reviewer
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MD Psychiatry
- Last reviewed
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice.
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