ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, not the result of bad parenting or a naughty nature.
Children with ADHD want to behave well but find it harder to control attention and impulses.
Key concepts
- Symptoms appear in more than one setting (home and school)
- They are present for at least six months and start before age 12
- Parent training is a first step for young children
Symptoms and signs
- Careless mistakes, not finishing tasks, losing things
- Constant fidgeting, running or climbing at the wrong times
- Interrupting, difficulty waiting turn
Causes
- Strong genetic influence
- Differences in brain networks for attention
- Prematurity or low birth weight
Risk factors
- Parent or sibling with ADHD
- Learning difficulties
- Exposure to tobacco or alcohol in pregnancy
Evidence-based management
- Assessment with information from parents and teachers
- Parent training: routines, praise, clear consequences
- Classroom support: front seating, short tasks, breaks
- Medicines for school-age children when symptoms are significant
When to seek professional help
- Repeated complaints from school
- Falling marks despite ability
- Parents can book a consultation first to discuss concerns before involving the child
Frequently asked questions
Will my child outgrow ADHD?
Hyperactivity often reduces with age, but attention problems may continue; treatment helps at every age.
Does sugar cause ADHD?
No. Diet does not cause ADHD, though a balanced routine supports behaviour.
Medical references
Guidelines and official sources used for this article.
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management (NG87). NICE, UK, 2018.
- Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2019.
- ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. World Health Organization.
- Author
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
- Medical reviewer
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MD Psychiatry
- Last reviewed
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice.
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