Autism spectrum disorder
ऑटिज़्म
Autism affects communication, social interaction and behaviour. Every child is different — support is tailored to strengths and needs.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
Common symptoms
- Not responding to name by 12 months
- Limited eye contact, pointing or gestures
- Delayed or unusual speech
- Repetitive movements, lining up toys
- Strong reactions to sounds, textures or change
Causes
- Neurodevelopmental — genetics play a major role
- It is NOT caused by vaccines or parenting
Risk factors
- Autism in a sibling
- Premature birth; older parental age
- Some genetic conditions (for example fragile X)
How it is diagnosed
- Observation of social communication, play and repetitive behaviours
- Developmental history from parents; hearing test
- Assessment of language, intellectual level and associated ADHD, sleep or epilepsy
Classification: ICD-10 F84.0 · ICD-11 6A02
Treatment options
- 1Developmental assessment and screening tools
- 2Early intervention: speech, occupational and behaviour therapy
- 3Parent training for home-based learning
- 4Medicines for sleep, irritability or hyperactivity when needed
Psychotherapy and counselling
- Early intervention: speech therapy, occupational therapy and parent-mediated programmes
- Behavioural approaches for daily living skills and difficult behaviour
Guidance for family
- Use clear, short language and visual schedules
- Prepare the child for changes in routine
- Be cautious of costly "cures" without scientific evidence
When to see a psychiatrist
- No babbling by 12 months or no words by 16 months
- Loss of previously learned words or skills
- Self-injury or severe meltdowns
Thoughts of self-harm or a medical emergency? Call Tele-MANAS 14416 (24×7, free) or 112.
Frequently asked questions
Can autism be cured?
Autism is lifelong, but early therapy greatly improves communication, learning and independence.
Will my child speak?
Many children develop speech with therapy; others communicate well with alternative methods.
Are special diets needed?
There is no proven 'autism diet'. Discuss any diet change with your doctor.
Help is available — confidential, in Hindi or English.
Private video consultation from anywhere in India with an Ajmer-based psychiatrist. Psychiatry consultation ₹500.
This page is for education and does not replace a personal consultation. Do not start or stop any medicine without a doctor's advice.