Vascular dementia: memory problems from blood-vessel disease
वैस्कुलर डिमेंशिया
Vascular dementia results from reduced blood flow to the brain — after strokes or from long-standing damage to small blood vessels.
It is the second most common type of dementia and often co-exists with Alzheimer's disease.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
Common symptoms
- Slowed thinking and difficulty planning
- Sudden or step-wise worsening
- Walking problems, mood changes, emotional outbursts
Causes
- Strokes and small-vessel disease of the brain
Risk factors
- High BP, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking
- Heart disease and atrial fibrillation
How it is diagnosed
- Memory and thinking tests
- Brain MRI showing vascular changes
- Cardiovascular risk assessment
Classification: ICD-10 F01 · ICD-11 6D81
Treatment options
- 1Strict control of BP, sugar and cholesterol; stopping smoking
- 2Stroke prevention medicines as advised by the physician
- 3Treating depression and apathy, which are common
Psychotherapy and counselling
- Rehabilitation, physiotherapy and caregiver support
Guidance for family
- Keep a simple daily routine, good lighting and familiar objects
- Speak slowly, one instruction at a time; avoid correcting or arguing
- Remove hazards: lock away medicines, gas knobs and sharp tools; consider an ID bracelet
- Caregivers need rest and support too — share duties within the family
When to see a psychiatrist
- New weakness, speech difficulty or facial droop — stroke emergency
- Gradual decline in thinking after a stroke
Thoughts of self-harm or a medical emergency? Call Tele-MANAS 14416 (24×7, free) or 112.
Frequently asked questions
Can vascular dementia be prevented?
Controlling vascular risk factors lowers the risk and can slow progression.
Should the family join the consultation?
Yes, family input is very helpful — especially for children, teenagers, eating disorders and memory problems. Part of the session can also be private.
Can this be treated by online consultation?
Many people can be assessed and followed up by private video. If a physical examination, tests or admission are needed, you will be guided to the right local service.
Help is available — confidential, in Hindi or English.
Private video consultation from anywhere in India with an Ajmer-based psychiatrist. Psychiatry consultation ₹500.
This page is for education and does not replace a personal consultation. Do not start or stop any medicine without a doctor's advice.