Benzodiazepines and similar sedatives calm anxiety within minutes, which is why they are popular. With regular use, the body adapts and dependence can develop.
Guidelines recommend them only for short periods, while longer-term treatments start working.
Key concepts
- Fast-acting sedatives: short-term relief, risk of dependence
- Antidepressants and CBT: slower but lasting and non-habit-forming
- Never stop sedatives suddenly after regular use
Symptoms and signs
- Needing higher doses for the same effect
- Anxiety rebounding between doses
- Drowsiness, memory lapses, unsteadiness
Causes
- Brain adaptation to sedatives
- Using tablets instead of treating the cause
- Easy availability without prescription
Risk factors
- Use for more than 2–4 weeks
- Alcohol use together with sedatives
- Older age — falls and confusion
Evidence-based management
- Use sedatives only as prescribed, for the shortest time
- Start long-term treatment (therapy, antidepressants) early
- Taper gradually with your doctor if you have been taking them regularly
- Avoid alcohol and driving when taking sedatives
When to seek professional help
- Taking anxiety tablets daily for more than a month
- Buying them without a prescription
- Fits, confusion or severe anxiety after stopping — emergency
Frequently asked questions
Are all anxiety medicines addictive?
No. Antidepressants used for anxiety are not habit-forming; sedative tablets can be.
I have taken them for years. Can I stop?
Yes, with a slow, supervised taper and support for sleep and anxiety.
Medical references
Guidelines and official sources used for this article.
- Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management (CG113). NICE, UK, 2011.
- mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings, version 2.0. World Health Organization, 2016.
- Author
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
- Medical reviewer
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MD Psychiatry
- Last reviewed
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice.
Related articles
Related guides
Need personal advice? Book a confidential consultation.