Because syrups are seen as medicine, families often do not suspect misuse. Opioid-containing syrups can cause dependence like other opioids.
Some syrups also contain sedating antihistamines, adding to the risk.
Key concepts
- Medicine misuse is still substance misuse
- Withdrawal is similar to other opioids
- Treatment works and is confidential
Symptoms and signs
- Empty syrup bottles, frequent purchases
- Drowsiness, slurred speech, constipation
- Irritability and body aches when not using
Causes
- Easy availability without prescription
- Peer use and curiosity
- Self-medicating stress or sleep problems
Risk factors
- Adolescents and young adults
- Other substance use
- Depression, anxiety
Evidence-based management
- Calm conversation and medical assessment
- Supervised withdrawal; substitution therapy when appropriate
- Counselling and family sessions
- Treat underlying anxiety, depression or sleep problems
When to seek professional help
- Daily use or withdrawal symptoms
- Extreme drowsiness or breathing difficulty — emergency
- Families can book a consultation even if the person is not ready yet
Frequently asked questions
Is it less serious than street drugs?
No. Dependence on opioid syrups is a real addiction with real health risks.
Can my child stop on their own?
Some can, but withdrawal is unpleasant and relapse is common; medical help makes it safer and easier.
Medical references
Guidelines and official sources used for this article.
- International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders (revised edition). UNODC & World Health Organization, 2020.
- Magnitude of Substance Use in India. Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment and NDDTC, AIIMS New Delhi, 2019.
- Author
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MBBS, MD Psychiatry
- Medical reviewer
- Dr. Kuldeep Budania, MD Psychiatry
- Last reviewed
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice.
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